1 Samuel 4:3

Authorized King James Version

And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְיָבֹ֣א
unto us that when it cometh
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#2
הָעָם֮
And when the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒
into the camp
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
#5
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#6
זִקְנֵ֣י
the elders
old
#7
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#8
לָ֣מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#9
נְגָפָ֧נוּ
smitten
to push, gore, defeat, stub (the toe), inflict (a disease)
#10
יְהוָ֔ה
Wherefore hath the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
הַיּ֖וֹם
us to day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#12
לִפְנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#13
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#14
נִקְחָ֧ה
Let us fetch
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#15
אֵלֵ֣ינוּ
near, with or among; often in general, to
#16
מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה
out of Shiloh
shiloh, a place in palestine
#17
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#18
אֲרוֹן֙
the ark
a box
#19
בְּרִ֣ית
of the covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#20
יְהוָ֔ה
Wherefore hath the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#21
וְיָבֹ֣א
unto us that when it cometh
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#22
בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ
among
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
#23
וְיֹֽשִׁעֵ֖נוּ
us it may save
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
#24
מִכַּ֥ף
us out of the hand
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-
#25
אֹֽיְבֵֽינוּ׃
of our enemies
hating; an adversary

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights salvation through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of covenant connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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